Nigeria's agricultural challenge is mostly framed as a production problem. Yields are too low. Inputs are too expensive. Farmers lack access to improved seeds, mechanisation, and irrigation. All of this is true, and none of it is new.

The findings from the baseline assessment reveal that the major agricultural challenge is not merely that rural households produce too little, but that they are forced to survive within an agricultural system that makes it difficult to sustain productivity and even harder to convert it into stable livelihoods.