Public health business models in Nigeria and LMICs stand at a crossroads amid dual waves of creative destruction - COVID-19's brutal reboot and AI's compounding reinvention. While the pandemic exposed the fragility of grants and siloed systems, AI promises predictive power and efficiency, as seen in tools like AwaDoc and Zipline's pay-for-performance drones.

In health system terms, fragility refers to the inability of health facilities to consistently deliver essential health services due to disrupted infrastructure, shortage of workforce, financing gaps, and poor coordination.

Healthcare systems in Africa face a wide range of challenges. The region carries about 25% of the global disease burden but is served by only 3% of the world’s health workforce, leaving many countries with critical shortages of doctors, nurses, and other health professionals